Chemical,Biological,Radiationand Nuclear Hazardous Materials Decontamination Unit

CBRN Unit, which was established in order to prevent or reduce the negative effects of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) induced dangerous substances on human and environment by spreading to the environment due to accidental or natural disasters, is active in Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Education and Research Hospital.

Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (in case of contact with and contamination of CBRN substances are provided by Emergency Service personnel for the removal of these substances

What is CBRN?

CBRN stands for "Chemical Biological Radiation and Nuclear Hazardous Materials".

CBRN: Chemical Biological Radiation and Nuclear words.

CBRN: deliberate, accidental or natural disasters as a result of chemical, biological, radiation and dissipate into the environment from nuclear hazardous substances on human and environmental effects of many negative refers to all forms of dangerous substances.

Today, developments in the war industry and industry field increase the risks of CBRN. All these risks negatively affect the lives of large masses. It also causes many people to lose their lives and the end of life.

The lack of information, use and supervision of CBRN substances has increased the danger to the highest level.

The geostrategic and geopolitical position of our country, the risks of irregular urbanization and industrialization put us at risk more in this regard compared to other countries and it is a necessity to be prepared more.

What are the risks of CBRN?

1. Chemical producing all factories

2. Chemical tanks

3. Tankers

4. Pipelines

5. Epidemic diseases

6. Places with radioactive material

7. Nuclear reactors

What are Industrial Risks?

1. Physical: Noise, vibration, hot, cold, pressure, radiation, dust, fiber

2. Chemical: Combustible explosives, toxic and toxic substances, sensitizing substances.

3. Biological: Dust and pathogens

4. Psychological: Workplace conditions, addiction,

5. Other: Occupational accidents, occupational diseases

Features of a CBRN incident

1. It creates panic and mayhem.

2. Excessive burden on health services.

3. Intervention is difficult and time consuming.

4. The first intervener is at risk.

5. Requires personal protective material.

6. Requires decontamination.

7. It's hard to be prepared

CBRN Defense in provinces with high levels of CBRN defense risk, there is a need for the establishment of local Hazardous  Materials Associations  for an effective CBRN intervention.Hazardous Material Association is a special association which have responsibility for preventing the growth of the danger first, and if possible terminating and recovering in hazardous material environment.

Example CBRN events in Turkey and the world

1. On 19 November 1984 500 people died and 4000 were injured in the natural gas explosion in Mexico City.

2. leaked from a tank in Bhopal in India in 1984 Methylisocyanate 40-ton cloud of the sudden death of 33000 people, 150000 people has led to the injury.

3. April 26 in the town of Chernobyl in the Ukraine in 1986 nuclear power plant accident occurred, the number of Chernobyl emergency workers and the thousands of staff have been exposed to very high doses of radiation. For some of the employees, the dose exposed was fatal. Pediatric thyroid cancer due to collapsed radioactive iodine is one of the most important health problems of the accident. Thracian and Eastern Black Sea regions of our country were mostly affected by this accident (Chernobyl accident is the biggest nuclear accident.)

4. On 3 February 2011, 20 workers died and 50 workers were injured in two explosions at the OSTİM and İvedik Industrial Zone in Ankara.

5. In the August 17, 1999 Marmara earthquake, AKS A (Acrylic Chemical Industry Inc.) had 6400 tons of Acrylonitrile leakage.

6. 19 people were injured in the first explosion in 1986 in Kırıkkale TCI factory. The explosion in the ammunition depot on 3 July 1997 lost 3 people and injured 16 people.

7. In 1979, the tanker carrying 100 thousand tons of crude oil exploded, 43 sailors died, thousands of houses and workplaces were damaged in the Bosphorus. The oil scattered from the tanker was burned in the Bosphorus for days.

8. After the earthquake and tsunami disaster in Japan on 11 March 2011, the effect of fire and leakage in Fukushima nuclear plant is still not measurable. The accident at the Fukushima nuclear plant is the second largest nuclear accident after the Chernobyl disaster.

KBRN Related International Institutions and Organizations

The institutions and organizations related to CBRN are classified as international and national.

Some Important International Institutions, Establishments and Contracts Related to CBRN are as follows:

1. International Atomic Energy Agency (UAEA)

2. International Radiation Protection Committee (ICRP)

3. European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom)

4th European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN)

5. Nuclear Suppliers Group (NTG)

6. Zangger Committee

7. International CBRN Conventions

National Institutions and Organizations Related to CBRN

Some important national institutions, organizations and conventions related to CBRN include:

1. Turkey Atomic Energy Agency (TAEK)

2. Turkish Armed Forces

3. Refik Saydam Hygiene Center Presidency (RSHMB)

4. National Poison Center (UZEM)

5. National CBRN legislation

Organization of the CBRN threat in Turkey

KBRN hazardous substances; deliberately, accidental or natural disasters spread to the environment as a result of many adverse effects on human and environment.

Ammonia gas released into the environment as a result of an ammonia tanker passing through the highway and the Sarin gas used in the terrorist incidents contain almost similar risks.

In our country, the increase in the industrial accidents with the developing industry forced local governments to take some advanced measures.

According to the risks of the provinces related to CBRN, these measures vary in level.

For example, planning is carried out at provincial level according to the risk potential of firefighting methods, hospital purge systems, personal protective material level and purifying liquids.

In Turkey, about to respond to industrial accidents; Pursuant to Article 69 of the Law on Special Provincial Administrations and Article 53 of the Municipal Law, it gave the necessary powers to local authorities. Each province has to establish its own intervention mechanism and establish its systems after identifying its CBRN risks.

In this context, CBRN Provincial Structure Program was established. Many disciplines in the dangers of KBRN work simultaneously and at the same place.

Institutions and organizations in this structure:

1. Provincial Health Directorate,

2. Provincial Fire Brigades,

3. Provincial Security Units (Police, Jandarma),

4. Turkish Armed Forces,

5. Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry (Provincial Directorate of Meteorology),

6. Municipalities,

7. Community Volunteers Associations,

8. Non-governmental organizations

Every institution and organization in the danger of CBRN; it carries out only predetermined activities by its own specific positions and tasks. In accordance with the Law on Disaster and Emergency Management, this organization; Provided and managed by Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorates.